Existential Ethics in Sartre's The Flies

Abstract

This article analyzes Jean-Paul Sartre’s play The Flies (Les Mouches) within the framework of existentialist philosophy. Focusing on Sartre’s core concepts such as freedom, responsibility, and bad faith (mauvaise foi), the study examines the ethical dimension of individual choice. Far beyond a mythological narrative, The Flies is treated as a philosophical drama addressing authority, historical guilt, and collective conscience. Through the character of Orestes, the process of existential liberation is contrasted with the passivity of Electra and the people of Argos.  The article also compares The Flies with Sartre’s other major plays (No Exit, Dirty Hands, The Respectful Prostitute), presenting a comprehensive analysis of Sartre’s evolving theatrical vision. The concept of “theater of situations” is discussed in detail, illustrating how Sartre brings his philosophical ideas to the stage. Supported by the theoretical contributions the study highlights Sartre’s theater as not only aesthetic, but also ethical and political.  Ultimately, The Flies is shown to be a powerful existentialist drama that stages the burden of freedom in its historical context, transforming the audience into ethical participants.